In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells may contain several other types of organelles, which may include mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

A eukaryote is any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. Eukaryotic cells form the foundation of complex, multicellular life, including apple trees, mushrooms, fish and humans.

mRNA 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs), which serve as the entry point for the ribosome during translation, can adopt elaborate RNA secondary and tertiary structures that may regulate translation ...