LONDON — Picture a caterpillar transforming into a butterfly. At a certain point, the creature enters a critical phase where its old form breaks down before emerging as something entirely new.

Recent discoveries in archaeology have unveiled a previously unknown civilization that could fundamentally alter our understanding of human history. This civilization’s unique characteristics and ...

Since humanity's first steps on the moon, the aspiration to extend human civilization beyond Earth has been a central objective of international space agencies, targeting long-term extraterrestrial ...

Is anybody out there? Probably. Most stars have planets; we've discovered more than 6,000 exoplanets thus far, and the most basic statistics point toward the existence of countless potentially ...

Mar Short, a Martian jazz-house artist, was born and raised in lava tubes at the bottom of the Valles Marineris, a 2,500-mile-long canyon that stretches along the Red Planet’s equator. Short’s ...

Copper stands at the center of many of humanity’s greatest modern challenges as a critical mineral needed to power renewable energy and electric vehicles. This role is nothing new for copper—for ...

Why it matters: Most discussions surrounding climate change and humanity's environmental impact focus on factors like ice cover and global average temperatures. However, a recently published ...

The ages of stone and clay -- The age of metals : a primer -- Copper and bronze -- Gold, silver, and the rise of empires -- The age of iron -- A quick history of glass -- Building for the ages -- ...