For example, the hemoglobin denaturation (HD) test and the Ocular Irritection test are in chemico alternatives to the Draize rabbit test. The Draize rabbit test was developed in 1944 to test cosmetic ...
Predicting how circulating immune cells interact with human tissues remains a major challenge in preclinical drug testing. Traditional static culture ...
Advanced in vitro models such as organ-on-chip systems aim to replicate human physiology more accurately than conventional cell cultures. However, most existing platforms struggle to incorporate ...