Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes are a type of light wave that can carry the external torque of photons as they move through space. They are useful in many fields, from optical communications to ...

Like soft serve ice cream, beams of atoms and molecules now come with a swirl. Vortex beams made of light or electrons have shown promise for making special types of microscope images and for ...

In recent years, optical vortices have attracted extensive attention in laser advanced manufacturing because of their annual intensity distribution and orbital angular momentum. Compared with the ...