Artist's rendition of a LFM tip coming close to the side of a molecule, where it is sensitive to the terminal H-atoms. (Image: A. J. Weymouth) Hydrogen atoms situated at the edges of molecules affect ...

A major advantage of atomic force microscopes (AFMs) is their versatility in integrating various operational modes that assess different material properties and functionalities. Among the most ...

First invented in 1985 by IBM in Zurich, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a scanning probe technique for imaging. It involves a nanoscopic tip attached to a microscopic, flexible cantilever, which is ...

The 3D micro-device consists of a modified coverslip and a micro-sphere fabricated by advanced MPL. It can enhance the lateral resolution beyond what is achievable with conventional optics. Today, ...

Invented 30 years ago, the atomic force microscope has been a major driver of nanotechnology, ranging from atomic-scale imaging to its latest applications in manipulating individual molecules, ...

PFM is based on the converse piezoelectric effect, where an applied electric field induces mechanical strain in piezoelectric materials. In PFM, an AC voltage is applied between a conductive atomic ...

A new technique of chemical patterning developed at Penn State combines conventional lithography with molecular self-assembly for the creation of multifunctional surfaces. In this technique, a robust ...