In many systems, transmission lines drive reactive (mostly capacitive) loads. To preserve signal integrity, you should properly terminate the lines. However, the input impedance of CMOS logic ICs, for ...

There came a time when high-speed electronic circuits reached speeds that required engineers to analyze the design for signal ...

Impedance mismatches in a radio-frequency (RF) electrical transmission line cause power loss and reflected energy. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a way to measure transmission line ...

Maximum transmission efficiency occurs when the load impedance matches the generator impedance. Engineers do this to eliminate standing waves, which can severely damage equipment. Transmission lines ...

Download the full pdf of this article, which includes the inline equations and diagrams. Discussion continues at the national level about power grid upgrades to support increased electrification. In ...