As high-speed serial data rates advance beyond 50 Gb/s, conventional logic-emulating non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling is being replaced by PAM4, a four-level pulse amplitude-modulation scheme. PAM4 ...

In Part 1 of this series, we covered the fundamental concepts and principles incorporated by flow meters along with various flow measurement methods used in mechanical flow meters. It covered in depth ...

Capacitance-voltage (C-V) testing is widely used to determine semiconductor parameters, particularly in MOSCAP and MOSFET structures. However, other types of semiconductor devices and technologies ...

Temperature is by far the most commonly measured physical parameter. With so many new ideas for connected devices in the works for consumer and industrial applications, you often need high-accuracy ...