Liquid-crystal (LC) phase modulators are widely used in optical systems because of their advantages of low power consumption, lightweight, flexible bandwidth adjustment, and non-mechanical movements.

Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) constitutes a family of constant-envelope digital modulation techniques in which symbol transitions occur with continuous phase trajectories. By maintaining a ...

Optical phase modulators are key components in optical communication, sensing, and signal processing systems. All-optical modulators, which modulate the phase or intensity of a light signal by a ...

QAM is used to achieve greater spectrum efficiency. This is accomplished by utilizing both the amplitude and phase components to modulate, or alter, the waveform. In this scenario, the QAM waveform ...

Spatial light modulators (SLMs) enable high-precision, high-speed modulation of both the amplitude and phase of light at the microscopic level. As a key technology for modern optical applications, ...