The coevolution of mammals and viruses has been an arms race of sorts. Part of our defense against viruses comes from the innate immune response, which includes specific cell types and intracellular ...

Most mutations that cause disease by swapping one amino acid out for another do so by making the protein less stable, according to a major study of human protein variants that was published in Nature ...

Proteins are most well-known for their intricate structures. The α-helices and β-sheets that form from interactions between sidechains create distinct shapes that, along with the specific amino acid ...